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Agrobusiness |
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Consumer goods |
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Automotive, aeronautical, subcontracting, mechanics |
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Public works, construction, water and environment |
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Information technology, electronics, telecoms |
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Pharmacy, health, chemistry, biotechnologies |
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Textile, garments |
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| SECTOR PERSPECTIVES
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SERVICES |
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Energy |
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An ever increasing world demand |
According to the annual report on the energy of the IEA (2006), “Meeting the world’s growing hunger for energy requires massive investment. The power sector accounts for 56% of total investment – or around two-thirds if investment in the supply chain to meet the fuel needs of power stations is included. Oil investment – three-quarters of which goes to the upstream – amounts to over $4 trillion in total over 2005-2030. (…) More than half of all the energy investment needed worldwide is in developing countries, where demand and production increase most quickly."
This report also warns the authorities on the sector issues “the world is facing twin energy-related threats: that of not having adequate and secure supplies of energy at affordable prices and that of environmental harm caused by consuming too much of it. Soaring energy prices and recent geopolitical events have reminded us of the essential role affordable energy plays in economic growth and human development, and of the vulnerability of the global energy system to supply disruptions. (…) The need to curb the growth in fossil-energy demand, to increase geographic and fuel-supply diversity and to mitigate climate-destabilising emissions is more urgent than ever. (…) Fossil energy will remain dominant to 2030. Global primary energy demand is projected to increase by just over one-half between now and 2030 – an average annual rate of 1.6%. Demand grows by more than one-quarter in the period to 2015 alone. Over 70% of the increase in demand over the projection period comes from developing countries (…)”.
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Euro-Mediterranean challenges |
The energy sector is very sensitive in the Euro-Mediterranean region, taking into consideration the major imbalances for fossil hydrocarbons:
- Between Northern bank (mainly consumer) and Southern bank (lesser though increasing needs);
- Between countries of the Southern bank, for which the oil basket is unequally distributed (energy resources highly concentrated on Algeria, Libya, Egypt, and, to a lesser degree, on Tunisia and Syria).
The energy challenges for the region implies an opening of the markets (in progress in most countries, in particular for prospecting and refining), but also interconnection efforts (still very insufficient), demand management (same), and diversification of the resource towards renewable energies (in particular in countries such as Syria where oil resources will be rapidly exhausted).
The MEDA producer countries also try to increase their global value added (via refining, petrochemistry, energy-intensive investments -–case of aluminium in Algeria). The others have to pay an ever increasing energy bill and do not really profit from a common energy market, still to be built…Turkey plays a strategic role in oil and gas logistics, taking into account its position for Caucasus hydrocarbons.
The projects and flows detected by the MIPO-ANIMA observatory are considerable (23 billion euros over the period 2003-2006) and concentrated on oil and gas. Renewable energies are still stammering in the region, except for hydraulics (Aswan, Turkey, the Maghreb), the solar equipment in Israel, and some wind farm projects in Morocco for example. Ambitious programs however are being launched in most countries.
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